EuthanasiaProsandConsEuthanasia:Theintentio状值阻板亲商艺意nalkillingbyactoromissionofadep来自endenthumanbeingforhisorherallegedbenefit.(Ifdeathisnotintended,itisnotanactofeuthanasia)ArgumentsForEut创龙独钢策告末hanasia:Itprovidesawaytorelieveextre360问答mepainItpr离专进道元测文ovidesawayofreliefwhenaperson'squalityoflifeislowFreesupmedicalfu管汽木唱买委ndstohelpotherpeopleItisanotherca境夫士赵门衡安早功便seoffreedom选ofchoiceArgumen危语齐tsAgainstEuthanasia:EuthanasiadevalueshumanlifeEuthanasiacanbecomeameansofhealthcarecostcontainmentPhysiciansandothermedicalcarepeopleshouldnotbeinvolvedindirectlycausingdeathThe久因级音已别电头映养铁reisa"slippe养植倍名听笔宁响胞保ryslope"effectthathasoccurredwhereeuthanasiahasbeenfirstbeenlegalizedforonly
theterminally娘沉劳征刚物实家后客二illandlaterlawsarechangedtoallowitforothe假肥红耐调措rpeopleorto然侵要与日bedonenon-voluntarily.ArgumentsAgainstEuthanasiaEuth大史蒸anasiawouldnotonlybeforpeoplewho石路同织足查才明威械定are"terminallyill"
Euthanasiacanbecomeameansofhealthcarecostcontainment
Euthanasiawillbecomenon-voluntary
Euthanasiaisarejectionoftheimportanceandvalue获述品再念剧众衡师优ofhumanlife
1.Euthanasiawouldnotonlybeforpeoplewhoare"terminallyill."Therearetwop张roblemshere--thedefinitionof"terminal"andthechangesthat华获havealreadytakenplacetoextendeuthanasiatothosewhoaren't"terminallyill."Therearemanydefinitionsfortheword"terminal."干者斗任菜物酸含案欢Forexample,whenhespoketotheNationalPressClubin1992,JackKevorkiansaidthataterminalillnesswas"anydiseasethatcurtailslifeevenforaday."Theco-founderoftheHemlockSocietyoftenrefersto"terminaloldage."Somelawsdefine"terminal"conditionasonefromwhichdeathwilloccurina"relativelyshorttime."Othersstatethat"terminal"meansthatdeathisexpectedwithinsixmonthsorless.Evenwhereaspecificlifeexpectancy(likesixmonths)isreferredto,medicalexpertsacknowledgethatitisvirtuallyimpossibletopredictthelifeexpectancyofaparticularpatient.Somepeoplediagnosedasterminallyilldon'tdieforyears,ifatall,fromthediagnosedcondition.Increasingly,however,euthanasiaactivistshavedroppedreferencestoterminalillness,replacingthemwithsuchphrasesas"hopelesslyill,""desperatelyill,""incurablyill,""hopelesscondition,"and"meaninglesslife."Anarticleinthejournal,SuicideandLife-ThreateningBehavior,describedassistedsuicideguidelinesforthosewithahopelesscondition."Hopelesscondition"wasdefinedtoincludeterminalillness,severephysicalorpsychologicalpain,physicalormentaldebilitationordeterioration,oraqualityoflifethatisnolongeracceptabletotheindividual.Thatmeansjustaboutanybodywhohasasuicidalimpulse.2.Euthanasiacanbecomeameansofhealthcarecostcontainment"...physician-assistedsuicide,ifitbecamewidespread,couldbecomeaprofit-enhancingtoolforbigHMOs.""...drugsusedinassistedsuicidecostonlyabout$40,butthatitcouldtake$40,000totreatapatientproperlysothattheydon'twantthe"choice"ofassistedsuicide..."...WesleyJ.Smith,seniorfellowattheDiscoveryInstitute.Perhapsoneofthemostimportantdevelopmentsinrecentyearsistheincreasingemphasisplacedonhealthcareproviderstocontaincosts.Insuchaclimate,euthanasiacertainlycouldbecomeameansofcostcontainment.IntheUnitedStates,thousandsofpeoplehavenomedicalinsurance;studieshaveshownthatthepoorandminoritiesgenerallyarenotgivenaccesstoavailablepaincontrol,andmanaged-carefacilitiesareofferingphysicianscashbonusesiftheydon'tprovidecareforpatients.Withgreaterandgreateremphasisbeingplacedonmanagedcare,manydoctorsareatfinancialriskwhentheyprovidetreatmentfortheirpatients.Legalizedeuthanasiaraisesthepotentialforaprofoundlydangeroussituationinwhichdoctorscouldfindthemselvesfarbetterofffinanciallyifaseriouslyillordisabledperson"chooses"todieratherthanreceivelong-termcare.Savingstothegovernmentmayalsobecomeaconsideration.Thiscouldtakeplaceifgovernmentscutbackonpayingfortreatmentandcareandreplacethemwiththe"treatment"ofdeath.Forexample,immediatelyafterthepassageofMeasure16,Oregon'slawpermittingassistedsuicide,JeanThorne,thestate'sMedicaidDirector,announcedthatphysician-assistedsuicidewouldbepaidforas"comfortcare"undertheOregonHealthPlanwhichprovidesmedicalcoverageforabout345,000poorOregonians.WithineighteenmonthsofMeasure16'spassage,theStateofOregonannouncedplanstocutbackonhealthcarecoverageforpoorstateresidents.InCanada,hospitalstaysarebeingshortenedwhile,atthesametime,fundshavenotbeenmadeavailableforhomecareforthesickandelderly.Registerednursesarebeingreplacedwithlessexpensivepracticalnurses.Patientsareforcedtoendurelongwaitsformanytypesofneededsurgery.13.Euthanasiawillonlybevoluntary,theysayEmotionalandpsychologicalpressurescouldbecomeoverpoweringfordepressedordependentpeople.Ifthechoiceofeuthanasiaisconsideredasgoodasadecisiontoreceivecare,manypeoplewillfeelguiltyfornotchoosingdeath.Financialconsiderations,addedtotheconcernabout"beingaburden,"couldserveaspowerfulforcesthatwouldleadapersonto"choose"euthanasiaorassistedsuicide.Peopleforeuthanasiasaythatvoluntaryeuthanasiawillnotleadtoinvoluntaryeuthanasia.Theylookatthingsassimplyblackandwhite.Inreallifetherewouldbemillionsofsituationseachyearwherecaseswouldnotfallclearlyintoeithercategory.Herearetwo:Example1:anelderlypersoninanursinghome,whocanbarelyunderstandabreakfastmenu,isaskedtosignaformconsentingtobekilled.Isthisvoluntaryorinvoluntary?Willtheybeprotectedbythelaw?How?Rightnowtheoverallprohibitiononkillingstandsintheway.Onceonesignaturecansignawayaperson'slife,whatcanbeasstrongaprotectionasthecurrentabsoluteprohibitionondirectkilling?Answer:nothing.Example2:awomanissufferingfromdepresssionandaskstobehelpedtocommitsuicide.Onedoctorsetsupapracticeto"help"suchpeople.Sheandanyonewhowantstodieknowshewillapproveanysuchrequest.Hedoesthousandsayearfor$200each.Howdoesthelawprotectpeoplefromhim?Doesitspecifythatadoctorcanonlyapprove50requestsayear?100?150?Ifyoudon'tthinktherearesuchdoctors,justlookatrecentstoriesofdoctorsandnurseswhoarechargedwithmurderforkillingdozensorhundredsofpatients.Legalizedeuthanasiawouldmostlikelyprogresstothestagewherepeople,atacertainpoint,wouldbeexpectedtovolunteertobekilled.Thinkaboutthis:Whatifyourveternariansaidthatyourilldogwouldbebetterof"putoutofhermisery"bybeing"puttosleep"andyourefusedtoconsent.Whatwouldthevetandhisassistantsthink?Whatwouldyourfriendsthink?Tenyearsfromnow,ifadoctortoldyouyourmother's"qualityoflife"wasnotworthlivingforandaskedyou,astheclosestfamilymember,toapprovea"quick,painlessendingofherlife"andyourefusedhowwoulddoctors,nursesandothers,conditionedtoaccepteuthanasiaasnormalandright,treatyouandyourmother.Or,whatiftheapprovalwassoughtfromyourmother,whowasdepressedbyherillness?Wouldshehavethestrengthtorefusewhateveryoneinthenursinghome"expected"fromseriouslyillelderlypeople?Themovementfromvoluntarytoinvoluntaryeuthanasiawouldbelikethemovementofabortionfrom"onlyforthelifeorhealthofthemother"aswasproclaimedbyadvocates30yearsagototoday's"abortionondemandevenifthebabyishalfborn".Euthanasiapeoplestatethatabortionissomethingpeoplechoose-itisnotforcedonthemandthatvoluntaryeuthanasiawillnotbeforcedonthemeither.Theyaremissingthemainpoint-itisnotanissueofforce-itisanissueofthewaylawsagainstanactioncanbebroadenedandexpandedoncesomethingisdeclaredlegal.Youdon'tneedtobeagainstabortiontoappreciatethewaythelawsonabortionhavechangedandtoseehowitcouldwellhappenthesamewaywitheuthanasia/assistedsuicideassoonasthedoorisopenedtomakeitlegal.4.Euthanasiaisarejectionoftheimportanceandvalueofhumanlife.Peoplewhosupporteuthanasiaoftensaythatitisalreadyconsideredpermissabletotakehumanlifeundersomecircumstancessuchasselfdefense-buttheymissthepointthatwhenonekillsforselfdefensetheyaresavinginnocentlife-eithertheirownorsomeoneelse's.Witheuthanasianoone'slifeisbeingsaved-lifeisonlytaken.Historyhastaughtusthedangersofeuthanasiaandthatiswhythereareonlytwocountriesintheworldtodaywhereitislegal.Thatiswhyalmostallsocieties-evennon-religiousones-forthousandsofyearshavemadeeuthanasiaacrime.Itisremarkablethateuthanasiaadvocatestodaythinktheyknowbetterthanthebillionsofpeoplethroughouthistorywhohaveoutlawedeuthanasia-whatmakesthe50yearoldeuthanasiasupportersin2005sowisethattheythinktheycandiscardtheaccumulatedwisdomofalmostallsocietiesofalltimeandopenthedoortothekillingofinnocentpeople?Havethingschanged?Iftheyhave,theyarechangesthatshouldlogicallyreducethecallforeuthanasia-paincontrolmedicinesandprocedurearefarbetterthantheyhaveeverbeenanytimeinhistory.
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